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Un Paseo por la RadiologíaA Walk Through RadiologyUne Excursion en RadiologieEin Spaziergang durch die Radiologie Una passeggiata attraverso la RadiologiaUm passeio pela Radiologia

Francisco Sendra Portero and Manuel Martínez Morillo. A walk trough Radiology. Practical training on Diagnostic Radiology. An active project since 1998.

 

 What is 'a walk though Radiology'? 

‘A walk through Radiology’ is a project which was born after 20 years of teaching students of the 6th year of Medicine. If consists of a collection of cases which are shown on the screen in order to offer the student a first contact with radiological imaging and give a visual training, both to distinguish the different ways of radiological exploration and to identify and describe the most common findings. It does not pretend to be an exhaustive lesson about radiology, but a practical tool to train user's visual perception. How can we do it? Showing a number of cases wide enough for the user to "walk" from one to another. It is organised in two series of different images, depending on whether they correspond to normal or pathological cases.

From a technical point of view, ‘A walk through Radiology’ is a display of slides on the screen. To move from one screen to the others, you just have to click the boxes so that the whole training is carried out only by using the mouse. Se ha desarrollado en Powerpoint (Microsoft Office 2000).

The interest of our students and the support of the University motivated the edition of a CD-ROM in january 2000, and the presentation 'on line' in Internet. Actually, a new version, improved and translated into two languages, has been edited.

The training (2nd edition) has 72 normal cases and 75 pathological cases in two collections. In each collection, the whole practice can be carried out from one extreme to the other, case by case, by forward and backward buttons. Some central pages such as "home pages" have been included which allows a selectively move, from central pages of normal images or pathological images.

A first screen with the main image of the case with few or no information is displayed. On the following screen, answers to basic questions are offered and, sometimes, additional explanations about the technique, the projection or the case itself. Answers are displayed by a series of animated transitions which are automatically carried out. Once the object transitions have finished, a visual and sonorous sign indicates that you can go on whenever you want.

'A walk through Radiology' is an original idea of Manuel Martínez Morillo and Francisco Sendra Portero, developed in the Department of Radiology and Physical Medicine of the University of Malaga. Both of the editions performed preserve the copy rights to the authors and the Publishing Service of the University of Malaga.

All rights reserved. Any total or partial reproduction of its contents by any means whatsoever without the express authorization of the authors is forbidden

 

 Why a walk through Radiology? 

Besides knowing the expression of diseases in patients, the student of Medicine familiarizes himself with the most common diagnostic procedures. In this point, the study of radiology has great importance. 

Teaching radiology cannot be separated from its practical aspect. There is a series of radiological examinations, each of which represents in a different way the morphological and/or functional normality or abnormality of an organ or an anatomical structure. The appearance of the final image depends on the physical phenomenon which originates the image. Sometimes they are originated by X rays, as the conventional radiographs, with all theirs versions, or the computed tomography. Others use ultrasounds, as the echography, radiofrequency pulses, as the magnetic resonance, or the radiation coming from those organs where an isotope has been placed on, as the isotope scanning, the SPECT and PET. Other factors such as the used technique, the position of the patient, age, sex and, of course, the presence or absence of pathology open a great diversity of possibilities of graphical representation of these diagnostic images which make essential to provide a sufficient number of hours of visual training during traineeship.

Multimedia applications can contribute to a personalized teaching. This training provides an additional number of hours of revision adapted to each student's rhythm.

It consists of a very variegated collection of cases, representing a series of fundamental findings in radiology, in which the user can visit the images calmly, like walking. That's why its name. It is not necessary to have knowledges on informatics, just to drive at a basic user level. The student can discover at his own rithm what kind of findings are more difficult to identify and what problems are found in the relation between visual perception and theorical knowledges.

 

 Background 

From 1985 a practical training for students of the sixth year of Medicine of the University of Málaga have been carried out in the Department of Radiology and Physical Medicine in which several cards with slides and viewfinders of microfiles were used and the student had a written script and could consult the atlas of Radiology.

The main advantage of this practical training was that it was a training guided by the student himself, who could manage his time in order to progress following his own rhythm. So, the professor only takes part in case of a doubt whose answer could not be found in the atlas of Radiology. 

The main disadvantages were the material deterioration due to the use (cardboard cards, slides, cover glass and even the screen of the viewfinders) as well as the inconvenience and loss of time for the student when consulting written scripts and radiological atlas.

In October 1998, a thesis on multimedia application for teaching thorax computed tomography (ALGARRA, 1998) was written. It was called AULAGA project and was a product of the enthusiam of a radiologist of the University Hospital who was a regular collaborator of research projects in this Departmen and very keen on computer programming. As a part of this work, a series of user's trials were carried out, including specialist doctors, residents and students of the sixth year of Medicine. Due to the success of the application among the students and taking into account that a practical training with viewfinders was taking place in 1997-1998, the old idea arose: to adapt the practical training with viewfinders to a modern and present-day environment which was not affected by deterioration due to the use, creating a multimedia application..

During the course 1998-99 a computer based training, which constituted the first draft of this project, started in our department. Thaks to the information provided by the students, the observation during the training periods and the suggestions of colleges and friends, a large quantity of corrections and apportations have been done giving, along these years, the form of the actual version.


† Professor Manuel Martínez Morillo died on August 19, 2015. This project will continue to be updated in his memory.

 

 The application 'on line' 

The training can be performed 'on line' completely, although it can be somewhat slow depending on the data transfer limitations of the net.

click on the image to see the 3.3 'on line' version

Francisco Sendra Portero and Manuel Martinez Morillo. © 2020. Spanish, English, French, German, Italian, and Portuguese.. 

 

 The training in CD-ROM 

Unlike the 'on line' presentation, the trainig in CD-ROM does not depend on the internet restrictions. Furthermore it contains high resolution images which profit the computer screen in all its surface, obtaining a more adequated visual effect.

 

 

© 2000  ISBN: 84-7496-767-8

© 2002 ISBN: 84-7496-961-1 © 2015 ISBN: 978849479301


Servicio de Publicaciones y divulgación científica de la Universidad de Málaga

 

 Scientific production 

Analysis of nine years of experience with “A Walk through Radiology”. (Educational exhibit) F. Sendra, M.J. Ruiz-Gómez, O. Torales, M. Martínez-Morillo. European Congress of Radiology ECR 2007. Viena, del 9 al 13 de marzo de 2007. Internacional. European Radiology 2007; 17 (Supp 1):391.

"A Walk Through Radiology:" A Multimedia Project to Train Pre-graduate Students in the Visual Perception of Radiological Images. Sendra-Portero F; Ristori-Bogajo E, Martínez-Morillo M. RSNA’03. 89th SCIENTIFIC ASSEMBLY AND ANNUAL MEETING OF THE RADIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF NORTH AMERICA. Chicago, 30 de Noviembre-5 de Diciembre de 2003; Libro de Proceedings, p 796.

M. Martínez Morillo y F. Sendra Portero. Un paseo por la Radiología 2ª Edición. Prácticas de Radiodiagnóstico v.2.1. Servicio de Publicaciones e intercambio científico. Universidad de Málaga. 2002 Edición en CD-ROM. ISBN 84-7496-961-1 

Un paseo por la Radiología®. Cuatro años de experiencia con practicas asistidas por ordenador. (Ponencia) Francisco Sendra Portero y Manuel Martínez Morillo. 1ª JORNADA UNIVERSITARIA SOBRE MULTIMEDIA Y TELEENSEÑANZA EN RADIOLOGÍA. Málaga, 31 de Mayo de 2002.

Nuevas tecnologías en la docencia de Radiología. F. Sendra Portero, M. Martínez Morillo. XXVI CONGRESO NACIONAL DE RADIOLOGÍA (SERAM) Mas Palomas (Gran Canaria), 11-14 de Mayo 2002.

Prácticas de Radiología Asistidas por ordenador. Un paseo por la radiología. F. Sendra Portero, E. Ristori Bogajo, M. Ruiz Gómez, A. Fernández Ramos, M. Martínez Morillo. XXVI CONGRESO NACIONAL DE RADIOLOGÍA (SERAM) Mas Palomas (Gran Canaria), 11-14 de Mayo 2002.

“A walk across radiology”-A multimedia application for practice pregraduate teaching on radiology. F. Sendra-Portero, E. Ristori-Bogajo, M. Martínez Morillo. ECR 2002 EUROPEAN CONGRESS OF RADIOLOGY. Viena, 1-5 de Marzo de 2002. Premiado por el comité científico con CERTIFICATE OF APPRECIATION.

Prácticas de Radiología asistidas por ordenador. Revisión de 3 años de experiencia. F. Sendra Portero, E. Ristori Bogajo, L. de la Peña Fernández, M. Ruiz Gómez y M. Martínez Morillo. XX CONGRESO DE LA SOCIEDAD ESPAÑOLA DE EDUCACIÓN MÉDICA (SEDEM), Granada 24-26 de Octubre de 2001.

M.Martínez Morillo y F. Sendra Portero. Un paseo por la Radiología. Prácticas de Radiodiagnóstico v.1.1. Servicio de Publicaciones e intercambio científico. Universidad de Málaga. 2000 Edición en CD-ROM. ISBN 84-7496-767-8 

Una aplicación multimedia para la docencia de Radiodiagnóstico. L. de la Peña, F. Sendra, E. Ristori, JM. Pastor, R. Ruiz Cruces, M. Martínez Morillo. (Comunicación). XIV CONGRESO DE LA SOCIEDAD ESPAÑOLA DE EDUCACIÓN MÉDICA. Lérida, del 21 al 23 de Octubre, 1999. Nacional.

Docencia de Radiología asistida por ordenador. F. Sendra Portero. (Comunicación). XIV CONGRESO DE LA SOCIEDAD ESPAÑOLA DE EDUCACIÓN MÉDICA. Lérida, del 21 al 23 de Octubre, 1999. Nacional.

Aplicación de métodos multimedia en el proceso enseñanza-aprendizaje de las imágenes Radiológicas. M. Martínez Morillo, F. Sendra Portero. JORNADAS DE PROYECTOS DE INNOVACIÓN EDUCATIVA EN LA UNIVERSIDAD DE MÁLAGA SOBRE MEJORA DE LA CALIDAD DOCENTE. Innovación Educativa y Enseñanza Virtual, Universidad de Málaga. 28 y 29 de Septiembre de 1999.

 

 

© 2020 Francisco Sendra Portero. The University of Málaga. Málaga, Spain.

Project partially supported by:

 Dirección General de Universidades, Secretaría de Estado de Educación y Universidades, Ministerio de Educación Cultura y Deporte. Acciones de Formación complementaria, Convocatoria 2001. REF. AFC2001-0464-IP.

Instituto de Ciencias de la Educación. Universidad de Málaga. Proyectos de enseñanza virtual para la mejora de la práctica docente. Convocatoria 2001-2002.